>> PLEASE STANDBY.

>> PLEASE STANDBY.

>> PLEASE STANDBY.

>> I LIKE THE WAY THEY LAY THEM OUT.

THEY ARE NOT JUST STRAIGHT LINES ANYMORE.

>> BLUEBERRIES WILL TAKE ABOUT FIVE YEARS TO RIPEN BEFORE YOU GET A VIABLE FRUIT CROP OFF OF IT.

>> VERY POPULAR WITH BEES.

>> THIS WILL TURN GOLDEN IN THE FALL.

>> THE VARIETY THAT WE HAVE IS INSPIRING.

>> HELLO AND WELCOME TO GREAT GARDENING.

IT IS OUR SUMMER SPECIAL AND I AM SHARON YOUNG AND AS ALWAYS, WE HAVE OUR GARDEN EXPERTS WITH US AND THEY ARE HORTICULTURIST AND EDUCATOR -- AND GUARDIAN PROFESSIONAL DEBT BURNS ERICKSON.

WE WANT TO HEAR FROM ALL THE GARDENERS OUT THERE WHO HAVE QUESTIONS FOR OUR EXPERTS.

WE HAVE VOLUNTEERS STANDING BY.

CALL LOCALLY AT OUR NUMBER.

OR EMAIL S.

-- EMAIL US.

WE ARE TAKING QUESTIONS THROUGHOUT THE SHOW SO CALL OR EMAIL US NOW.

FIRST, LET’S TAKE A LOOK AT HOW THE WEATHER AND THE LANDSCAPE CHANGED OVER THE PAST THREE WEEKS.

♪ ♪ >> I LOVE SEEING THAT.

>> WE WENT FROM WINTER TO SUMMER.

THERE WAS NO TRANSITION.

>> DAY TODAY IF YOU WATCH HOW THINGS TRANSPIRE, I THINK EVERYTHING KIND OF GETS COMPRESSED IN OUR SEASON AND YOU REALLY HAVE TO GET UP IN THE MORNING AND JUST ENJOY ONE DAY BECAUSE IT WILL BE DIFFERENT THE NEXT.

>> KEEP CALLING IN YOUR QUESTIONS AND BEFORE WE GET TO THOSE, YOU HAVE SOME YOU WANT TO SHOW OFF TONIGHT?

>> THEY ARE FANTASTIC.

THEY ARE SO READILY AVAILABLE NOW.

YOU CAN START FROM THE RHIZOME.

IT STARTED THIS LONG AGO.

THE BIGGER THE RHIZOME, THE BIGGER YOU ARE GOING TO GET SO THIS IS A PRESIDENT WHICH IS LIKE GIANT.

THE NEW ONE IS FANTASTIC.

THIS IS A SEED.

WE START FROM A SEED AND THAT IS THE SIZE.

IT’S BIGGER THAN A BB AND IT’S REALLY EASY TO WORK WITH, REALLY EASY TO SOAK, REALLY EASY TO START AND THE GREAT THING ABOUT THEM IS THEY DON’T GET VIRUS.

THAT IS ONE THING THE RHIZOMES CAN HAVE.

THEY CAN HAVE A VIRUS TO THEM AND THEY ARE ALL NEW COLORS.

THERE IS THIS ONE WHICH IS KIND OF NEW.

THIS IS CALLED GOLD LEOPARD AND IT IS GORGEOUS.

IT IS NOT SUPER TALL.

WE CAN PUT THIS INTO YOUR MIX CONTAINERS AND WE SAY ALL THE TIME WE ARE GOING TO JAM THEM INTO CONTAINERS ALL THE TIME BECAUSE THE FOLIAGE IS GREAT AND IT GIVES A REALLY NICE FORMAL, BEAUTIFUL CONTAINER.

IF YOU HAVE A CONTAINER YOU DON’T REALLY LIKE, THEN YOU CAN PULL OUT THE METAL.

IF YOU HAVE A CONTAINER AND DON’T LIKE SOMETHING, PULL IT OUT.

IT IS LIKE A WEED AND YOU CAN PUT ONE BACK INTO IT AND THEY ARE FANTASTIC LIKE THIS ONE.

IT’S REALLY WELL ROOTED.

YOU CAN SEE THE REFLECTION OF THE ROOTS AND HOW IF I POPPED IT OUT -- I DON’T THINK IT WILL EVEN COME OUT OF THIS POT.

I THINK I WOULD HAVE TO CUT IT OUT.

THEY ARE EASY TO WORK WITH AND WELL ROOTED.

I CAN SHOW YOU WHAT THEY LOOK LIKE AND YOU CAN USE THIS ONE.

FOR TWO.

IF YOU HAVE A REALLY NICE ONE LIKE THIS GUY, YOU CAN CUT THE POT OFF BECAUSE IT IS SO GREAT.

YOU CAN CUT IT IN HALF.

FOR TWO POTS.

THIS IS WHAT THE BULBS LOOK LIKE.

YOU CAN CUT THIS IN HALF AND YOU CAN FIND IT WHERE YOU CAN HAVE THE SAME NUMBER OF EYES ON EACH SIDE AND THEN YOU JUST TAKE A KNIFE AND YOU WOULD CUT IT RIGHT IN HALF.

YOU COULD PUT TWO DIFFERENT POTS AND THEN IT ALSO WILL BULK UP BETTER ALL SUMMER AND THEN YOU ARE GOING TO END UP WITH TWO NICE RHIZOMES.

THE BREEDING IS FANTASTIC.

THE NEW COLORS -- THIS ONE IS NOT BLOOMING YET.

THIS IS RED WITH YELLOW SIMILAR TO THE LEOPARD.

THEY ARE GORGEOUS AND SO EASY TO WORK WITH.

THEY GIVE YOU THE FOLIAGE AND THEY CAN SET YOUR CONTAINERS APART AND YOU CAN PUT ANYTHING WITH THEM.

YOU COULD UNDER PLANT A LOT OF OTHER FOLIAGE’S.

THEY GIVE YOU THAT TROPICAL LOOK WITHOUT A LOT OF HARD WORK.

I HAVE A CUSTOMER THAT BRINGS ME THESE EVERY YEAR BECAUSE SHE HAD SO MANY.

THIS WAS HER FAMILIES THAT THEY HAD HAD FOR 40 YEARS.

SHE BRINGS ME THEM TO MAKE SURE THAT THEY KEEP GOING.

THEY CAN GO FOREVER, HONESTLY.

IT’S OFTEN THAT’S AWESOME.

IT’S A GREAT PLAN.

>> LET’S GET TO SOME OF YOUR QUESTIONS NOW.

ADRIAN INTIMATES WANTS TO KNOW HOW TO GET APHIDS OFF PEPPER PLANTS AND HOW DO YOU KEEP THEM OFF?

>> APHIDS, APHIDS.

APHIDS ARE AWESOME.

THEY LOVE PEPPER PLANTS.

THEY REALLY DO BUT I MEAN, YOU WOULD FIRST START WITH BURSTS OF WATER, A SHARP BURST OF WATER TO TRY TO KNOCK THEM OFF.

IF YOU CAN GET THEM OFF THAT WAY AND JUST KEEP ON IT, HERE’S THE THING.

TEMPERATURE IS HUGE FOR THE BREEDING PROCESS FOR THE BABIES AND FOR MORE SO IF YOU CAN BRING IT DOWN TO 55 DEGREES, THE TEMPERATURE GETTING IT OUTSIDE, THEY ARE INSIDE STILL.

THE PEPPERS, GETTING THEM OUTSIDE IS GOING TO SLOW DOWN THEIR BREEDING AND ALSO, SOMETIMES WE WILL PUT THEM IN FRONT OF A FAN BECAUSE THOSE APHIDS ARE REALLY -- THERE’S NOT MUCH TO THEM.

THEY ARE EXTREMELY WATER-BASED AND IF YOU CAN DRY THEM OUT, THAT SLOWS THEM DOWN.

WE WAS BENEFICIAL FOR THEM BUT THAT’S NOT REALLY EASY FOR PEOPLE TO GET.

THEY WORK GREAT.

THERE’S ALL KINDS OF CHEMISTRIES TO USE FOR THEM.

LOTS OF STUFF THAT YOU COULD USE.

>> A LOT OF THINGS.

I AGREE.

THEY ARE A REAL PROBLEM IN THE GREENHOUSE BECAUSE IT CAN SPREAD SO QUICKLY OUTSIDE.

THAT WATER SPRAY, I THINK YOU WANT TO START THERE AND AS YOU MENTIONED, THERE IS SO MANY DIFFERENT -- IF YOU HAVE TO USE PESTICIDES, USE THEM EARLY BEFORE YOU ARE USING ANY OF THE PEPPERS AT ALL.

THERE IS NO RESIDUAL.

THEY ARE NOT SYSTEMIC SO THEY WILL KNOCK DOWN -- USE THE LOWEST RECOMMENDED APPLICATION RATE BECAUSE THEY ARE VERY VULNERABLE TO ANY NUMBER OF THESE CONTROLS.

>> THEY WANT TO START A VEGGIE GARDEN IN A RAISED BED SINCE THEY HAVE RED CLAY.

IS WOOD OR METAL BETTER?

IS METAL TOO HOT FOR THE SOIL?

HOW LONG WOULD IT LAST AND HOW DEEP FOR A VEGETABLES -- ROOT VEGETABLES?

>> LOTS OF MATERIALS CAN BE USED SO I WANT TO SAY THAT WHAT YOU DO NOT WANT TO USE IT AS WE ARE STAYING AWAY FROM ALL CREOSOTE WERE STAYING AWAY FROM RAILROAD TIES.

THE CCA MATERIAL.

THOSE THINGS YOU WANT TO DEFINITELY STAY AWAY FROM.

YOU CAN USE GALVANIZED -- THERE’S GOING TO BE A LITTLE BIT OF ZINC POTENTIALLY THAT MIGRATES OFF FROM THAT OR YOU CAN USE NATURAL WOODS LIKE CEDAR.

WE GOT THOSE AND WE GOT THE NEWER WOOD PRODUCTS THAT ARE CERTIFIED FOR USE CERTAINLY WITH VEGETABLES.

THE OTHER QUESTION IS HOW DEEP.

USUALLY THREE OR FOUR FEET.

IT’S NOT SO MUCH THE ROOT VEGETABLES.

IT MIGHT BE DOWN MAXIMUM, EIGHT TO 10 INCHES.

MOST OF THAT IS GROWING AT THE SURFACE.

A TOMATO KIND OF HAS A LARGER ROOT SYSTEM BUT IT CAN BE AS DEEP AS THE PLANT IS TALL ALMOST.

DEPENDING ON WHAT YOU WANT TO DO, YOU LEAVE THE BOTTOM OPEN WHEN YOU CONSTRUCT THIS.

OPEN UP YOUR TURF SO THAT IF THOSE ROOTS CAN KEEP GOING ON DOWN, THEN YOU CAN MINIMIZE THE HEIGHT OF YOUR RAISED BED.

>> IF SHE WENT WITH REGULAR CEDAR, HOW OFTEN ARE YOU REPLACING THOSE PLANKS?

>> CEDAR WILL LAST A LONG WHILE AND IT’S VERY EXPENSIVE.

THAT IS WHY I THINK SOME OF THE BETTER TREATED NUMBERS ARE GOING TO BE A BETTER OPTION FOR PEOPLE.

THE SAFE TREATED MATERIALS, YES.

YOU WANT TO TAKE A LOOK AT THAT AND YOU WANT TO STAY AWAY FROM PINES AND OTHER TREATED MATERIAL.

TRUE.

>> I ALWAYS WANTED TO.

>> IF YOU WANT TO BREAK IT DOWN.

MOST PEOPLE, YOU WANT A STRUCTURE THAT CAN BE ROUTINE FOR YEARS.

>> THEY LEVELED AT THE FRONT YARD LAST YEAR.

AND PLANTED PRAIRIE GRASSES AND FLOWERS.

IT LOOKS LIKE WEEDS ARE COMING UP.

LEAVE THEM ALONE FOR A BIT.

>> I AM JUST GOING TO SAY SOMETHING ABOUT THIS AND I DON’T KNOW WHAT THEY MIX WAS THAT THEY GOT TO APPLY.

REALLY LOOK FOR, I’M AFRAID, THEY HAVE THINGS THAT WERE NOT PERENNIAL TO OUR AREA AND YOU REALLY GET TO READ THE LABELS AND THEY ARE VERY VAGUE.

IT’S MUCH BETTER IN MY OPINION TO BUY THE MIXES, THE SEEDS THAT YOU WANT THAT ARE HARDY FOR OUR AREA, AND MIX YOUR OWN BLEND.

I WOULD SAY AT LEAST 75% OF THOSE SEEDS AND THOSE MIXES ARE ANNUALS IN OUR AREA.

IF THERE IS ANYTHING THAT IS GOOD IN THERE, I WOULD DIG THAT OUT AND IF YOU WANT TO TREAT THE REST, GO AHEAD.

I THINK IT’S REALLY HARD TO DO A GOOD JOB WITH THOSE MIXES.

>> VERY TRUE.

EVERYBODY WANTS PRAIRIE MIXES.

THIS IS NOT THE PRAIRIE.

YOU WANT TO BE VERY CAREFUL ABOUT WHAT YOU PLANT FOR NATIVE MATERIALS.

IT IS ALWAYS A CHALLENGE TO SELECTIVELY PULL OUT WEEDS FROM A MIX LIKE THIS.

IF THERE ARE PLANS YOU REALLY LIKE, YOU CAN DO THIS EARLIER IN THE SEASON.

YOU CAN ACTUALLY LIFT THE PLANTS OUT AND PUT THEM IN ANOTHER BED AND LET THEM ESTABLISH THEIR AND THEN ELIMINATE THE WEEDS ENTIRELY AND REPLANT.

BUT TO SELECTIVELY PULL SOME OF THOSE PERENNIAL WEEDS OUT IS A VERY DAUNTING TEXT.

>> THANK YOU.

GOOD QUESTIONS.

BOB, YOU WANTED TO TALK ABOUT RHUBARB THIS EVENING.

>> THE LAST PROGRAM THAT WE DID TEASE PEOPLE A LITTLE BIT WITH THE RHUBARB FORCING PROCESS AND HERE IS THIS BEAUTIFUL RHUBARB, GROWS SO WELL, NATIVE TO SIBERIA AND FOR ANYONE WHO HAS BEEN FARTHER NORTH INTO CANADA AND ALASKA, JUST GROWS WAIST HIGH CERTAINLY, IN ALASKA, ALMOST CONSIDERED A WEED PLANT.

IT’S ONE OF OUR FAVORITES.

A LITTLE SUGAR TYPICALLY GOES ALONG WITH THAT.

VERY POPULAR, PARTICULARLY IN EUROPE.

A LOT OF PEOPLE SAY I HAVE A RHUBARB PATCH THAT HAS DONE WELL AND YOU REALLY WANT TO MOVE IT AROUND AND HERE, THIS IS ABOUT THREE WEEKS AGO AND JUST TOOK A SPADE AND YOU TALKED ABOUT SEGMENTING YOUR RHIZOMES.

ONCE AGAIN, WE WILL SHOW YOU THE RHUBARB PLANT HAS A VERY SUBSTANTIAL RHIZOME.

THIS WAS 30 YEARS OLD.

YOU MENTIONED THEM BEING AN HEIRLOOM OR FAMILY PLANT.

THE SAME THING HERE.

THESE ARE 25, 30 YEARS OLD AND THEY REALLY NEEDED TO BE SEGMENTED.

YOU CAN SEE I TOOK OUT OF ONE RHIZOME, I TOOK FOUR SEGMENTS, REPLANTED THEM, WE HAVE A SHOT OR TWO THERE.

JUST PUT THEM IN THE GROUND AND THEY WERE JUST BEGINNING TO BREAK THROUGH THE SURFACE.

AND THEN WE JUST KIND OF STOMPED THEM IN.

RIGHT NOW, THEY HAVE DONE EXTREMELY WELL.

NOW, I WANTED TO JUST TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THE FORCING PROCESS.

FORCING RHUBARB IS WHERE -- IT’S A TECHNIQUE WHERE YOU ARE GOING TO ENCOURAGE THAT PLANT TO GROW EARLIER THAN IT WOULD NATURALLY.

VERY POPULAR IN EUROPE, PARTICULARLY IN ENGLAND.

IT CAME FROM A TIME WHEN COAL WAS VERY INEXPENSIVE SO IT WOULD ACTUALLY HEAT A WAREHOUSE AND GROW THEM IN THERE AND THEN FORCE THEM IN DARK CONDITIONS SO WE ARE NOT GOING TO LET THESE BE EXPOSED TO ANY SUNLIGHT.

I COVER THEM WITH A BUCKET AND I WANTED TO SHOW YOU THIS PICTURE.

I JUST UNCOVERED THIS.

THAT IS WHAT FORCED RHUBARB LOOKS LIKE.

IN EUROPE, THE ENERGY SOURCES ARE VERY EXPENSIVE.

IT HAS BEEN MARKETED AS A DELICACY AND IT IS STILL A GREAT BIG INDUSTRY.

I THOUGHT WE SHOULD TRY THIS.

I AM GOING TO GIVE OUR HOSTESS HERE AND DEB AN OPPORTUNITY TO COMPARE.

I AM GOING TO LET YOU BOTH TRY A LITTLE BIT OF THAT.

THERE IS YOUR PEACE.

AND AT THE SAME TIME, THIS IS WHAT RHUBARB LOOKS LIKE THAT HAS NOT BEEN FORCED AND I WILL LET YOU TRY THAT BY COMPARISON.

CAN YOU DETERMINE A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE?

THE RHUBARB IS VERY DELICATE.

IT IS VERY SWEET.

VERY FRESH.

THAT IS THE REASON IT IS BEING MARKETED AND BEING SOLD PARTICULARLY IN ENGLAND.

IF YOU WANT TO TRY THIS TECHNIQUE, IT WAS ACTUALLY VERY EASY FOR ME TO DO.

YOU ARE GOING TO HAVE TO OPEN IT UP AT THIS POINT AND LET IT GET EXPOSED TO THE SUNLIGHT BECAUSE WE WANT THOSE YELLOW LEAVES LIKE THIS AS AN EXAMPLE.

WE WANT THESE TO TURN GREEN.

WE WANT THE CHLOROPHYLL TO BE THERE SO THAT WE CAN AGAIN TRANSFER THE SUGARS DOWN BUT YOU CAN TRY THIS.

YOU HAVE TO LET THESE GO.

YOU CAN DO THIS ABOUT ONCE A YEAR AND THEN LET THEM GO FOR THE NEXT YEAR AND POSSIBLY FORCE THE SAME PLANT IN THE SECOND OR THIRD YEAR.

YOU HAVE TO HAVE PLENTY OF RHUBARB OUT THERE BUT I THINK THAT FORCING MIGHT BE A TECHNIQUE THAT PEOPLE MAY WANT TO GET INTO.

IT IS EARLIER.

IT IS SWEETER.

IT IS MUCH MORE TENDER.

>> THANKS, BOB.

NEXT, A TRADITION BOB IS VERY FAMILIAR WITH.

THE DULUTH FARMERS MARKET HAS BEEN AROUND SINCE 1911, OPEN EVERY WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON AND SATURDAY MORNING THROUGH OCTOBER.

WE CHECKED OUT THE OPENING DAY AND HERE IS WHAT IT MEANS TO THOSE WHO TAKE PART YEAR AFTER YEAR.

>> TODAY IS THE FIRST DAY OF THE FARMERS MARKET SEASON SO WE ARE OPEN FOR BUSINESS.

FOR OUR FARM, IT IS A GREAT WAY TO CONNECT WITH PEOPLE WITHIN THE CITY AND TO BRING OUR PRODUCT INTO A LOCATION FOR THEM SO THAT THEY CAN COME AND GET FRESH PRODUCE AND WE DO MEAT AND EGGS AS WELL SO WE PROVIDE A LOT OF DIFFERENT THINGS FOR A LOT OF PEOPLE SO IT HELPS US TO CONNECT WITH PEOPLE IN THE CITY OR TWIN PORTS AREA.

I AM WITH RUBBER FARMS AS MY FAMILY FARM AND WE ARE PART OF THE DULUTH FARMERS MARKET ASSOCIATION.

WE ENJOY THE PEOPLE LIKE THERE’S A LOT OF CUSTOMERS WE HAVE SEEN EVEN COME BACK AND IT IS FUN TO CATCH UP AND SEE HOW THEIR WINTER HAS BEEN.

>> YOU SEE THAT PICTURE.

THAT WAS PAINTED BY A CUSTOMER.

THOSE ARE MY CHILDREN.

THIS IS HIS KID.

IT HAS BEEN 40, 45 YEARS.

IT IS REALLY GREAT BECAUSE EVERYTHING HERE IS LOCALLY MADE AND IT’S REALLY FUN.

WE HAVE MADE FRIENDS DOWN HERE FROM CUSTOMERS TO OTHER VENDORS.

PEOPLE COME TO SEE US WEEK AFTER WEEK AND IT IS AN AWESOME THING.

THE FRONT OF IT, I LOOK FORWARD TO SATURDAY FROM ONE SATURDAY TO THE OTHER AND I JUST LOOK FORWARD TO IT.

I LOVE MEETING PEOPLE AND TALKING TO PEOPLE AND SELLING THE STUFF THAT WE MAKE AND PEOPLE LOVE IT.

>> IT’S REALLY ABOUT THE COMMUNITY THAT WE BUILD AND WE LOVE BEING ABLE TO SEE PEOPLE YEAR AFTER YEAR OR MEET NEW PEOPLE THROUGHOUT THE YEAR SO COMMUNITY IS THE BEST PART FOR US.

>> THANKS FOR TUNING INTO OUR SUMMER SPECIAL.

ANNUAL GIVING MANAGER HERE AT PBS NORTH.

>> I AM NATALIE HESS, PBS NORTH DIRECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT.

WE ARE SO GLAD YOU ARE SPENDING PART OF YOUR DAY WITH US.

>> THIS IS MY FAVORITE TIME OF THE YEAR AND THE GUARDIAN IS STARTING TO FINALLY WAKE UP.

SO MANY OF US ACROSS THE NORTHLAND ARE FEELING A LITTLE MORE CONFIDENT OUT THERE.

>> IT DOES FEEL GREAT TO GET OUTSIDE AGAIN AND WE KNOW SO MANY OF YOU HAVE BEEN COUNTING DOWN TO THE SEASON, TOO.

WE LOVE HEARING FROM VIEWERS AND SEEING YOUR GARDEN PHOTOS.

GREAT GARDENING REALLY IS A COMMUNITY AND IT IS POWERED BY YOU.

>> THAT’S RIGHT.

IF YOU LOVE THE SHOW AND YOU LOVE WHAT IT BRINGS TO YOUR LIFE , NOW IS THE PERFECT TIME TO HELP IT GROW.

JUST CALL ARE A NUMBER OR HEAD TO PBSNORTH.ORG TO MAKE YOUR GIFT.

>> YOU CAN HIRE A PROFESSIONAL FOR THIS KIND OF GARDENING ADVICE BUT YOU WILL NOT NEED TO THANKS TO SUPPORT FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU.

YOUR QUESTIONS ARE ANSWERED WITH TIPS FROM BOB AND DEB RIGHT HERE ON THE SHOW.

>> GARDENING IN THE NORTHLAND ISN’T LIKE ANYWHERE ELSE.

THIS IS THE PLACE TO CONNECT WITH LOCAL EXPERTS WHO ACTUALLY KNOW WHAT WORKS UP HERE AND THE BEST PART, WHEN YOU SUPPORT GREAT GARDENING, YOU ARE INVESTING IN EVEN MORE LOCALLY FOCUSED PROGRAMS THAT YOU CARE ABOUT.

>> OUR WONDERFUL VOLUNTEERS FROM THE DULUTH GARDEN FLOWER SOCIETY ARE STANDING BY, READY TO TAKE YOUR CALL WITH A MONTHLY GIFT OF JUST $10 OR A ONE-TIME DONATION OF $120, WE WILL THANK YOU WITH THE BOOK NORTHERN GARDNER FROM APPLES TO ZINNIAS.

CRIPES IT IS A GREAT WAY TO LEARN A LITTLE MORE ABOUT GARDENING IN OUR REGION.

THAT IS ONE OF THE THANK YOU GIFTS WE HAVE AVAILABLE FOR YOU TODAY.

LET’S TAKE A LOOK AT ALL OF THE GIFTS AVAILABLE WHEN YOU SUPPORT GREAT GARDENING AND PBS NORTH.

>> WHEN YOU SUPPORT PBS NORTH, YOU KEEP GREAT GARDENING GROWING STRONG, BRINGING TRUSTED GARDENING ADVICE, INSPIRATION, AND LOCAL STORYTELLING TO COMMUNITIES ACROSS THE NORTHLAND.

WHEN YOU MAKE A SUSTAINING GIFT FOR AN ANNUAL CONTRIBUTION OF $72, WE WILL THANK YOU WITH AN HERB SCISSOR SET, USEFUL TOOL FOR HARVESTING FRESH HERBS RIGHT FROM YOUR GARDEN TO YOUR KITCHEN.

WITH A SUSTAINING GIFT OF $10 A MONTH OR A ONE-TIME GIFT OF 120 DOLLARS, WE WILL THANK YOU WITH A BOOK.

NORTHERN GARDNER, FROM APPLES TO ZINNIAS.

FILLED WITH GARDENING TRADITIONS AND STORIES ROOTED IN OUR REGION.

THIS BOOK CELEBRATES THE JOYS AND CHALLENGES OF GARDENING IN THE NORTH AND WITH A SUSTAINING GIFT OF $15 A MONTH OR AN ANNUAL CONTRIBUTION OF $180, WE WILL THANK YOU WITH A ONE-YEAR SUBSCRIPTION TO NORTHERN GARDNER MAGAZINE FEATURING SEASONAL GARDENING TIPS, PRACTICAL HOW-TO ADVICE, INSPIRING IDEAS, AND BEAUTIFUL PHOTOGRAPHY THROUGHOUT THE YEAR.

MAKE YOUR CONTRIBUTION TODAY BY CALLING.

OR BY VISITING PBS NORTH -- PBSNORTH.ORG.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR SUPPORT.

>> WE ARE PROUD TO BRING YOU LOCAL FAVORITES THAT SHINE A LIGHT ON THE PEOPLE, PLACES, AND STORIES OF OUR REGION.

YOUR SUPPORT MAKES IT ALL POSSIBLE FROM AWARD-WINNING FILMS LIKE NORTHERN KNIGHTS, START -- STARRY SKIES, TWO NATIONALLY DISTRIBUTED PROGRAMS LIKE NATIVE REPORT.

THESE PROGRAMS ARE MADE WITH CARE FOR OUR COMMUNITY.

THANKS TO THE INVESTMENT IN -- THANKS TO YOUR INVESTMENT IN LOCAL STORYTELLING.

CALL THE NUMBER OR DONATE ONLINE AND BE PART OF THE MAGIC YOU SEE ON PBS NORTH.

>> PBS NORTH IS YOUR TRUSTED GUIDE, OFFERING PROGRAMS THAT INSPIRE CURIOSITY, IGNITE IMAGINATION, AND CONNECT US TO THE WORLD AND EACH OTHER AND WHEN YOU BECOME A SUSTAINER WITH A MONTHLY GIFT OF JUST FIVE DOLLARS OR MORE, YOU WILL UNLOCK PBS NORTH PASSPORT, YOUR TICKET TO ADVENTURE, DISCOVERY, AND UNFORGETTABLE STORIES.

WITH PASSPORT, YOU WILL HAVE ACCESS TO VIEWER FAVORITES LIKE NATURE, NOVA, AND THE FULL KEN BURNS COLLECTION INCLUDING HIS NEWEST DOCUMENTARY SERIES ON THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.

>> A MEMBER BENEFIT THAT IS -- >> ABSOLUTELY AMAZING.

>> AGREED.

YOU CAN ENJOY ALL THEY HAVE TO OFFER.

WHAT YOU WILL GET, A NEW YOU.

PICTURE IT.

YOU CAN BE A THEATER BUFF, A SCIENCE DYNAMO, A HISTORY SAVANT, OR JUST AN INTERESTING DELIGHT.

WHAT JOURNEY WILL YOU TAKE?

GO ONLINE OR REACH OUT TO THE NUMBER ON THE SCREEN TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF PBS PASSPORT TODAY.

>> THE PASSPORT IS YOUR TICKET TO EVEN MORE OF THE SHOWS YOU LOVE ON YOUR SCHEDULE.

YOU ARE GOING TO GET EARLY ACCESS TO LOCAL PRODUCTIONS AND AN ON-DEMAND LIBRARY OF OVER 1000 EPISODES INCLUDING PROGRAMS LIKE FINDING YOUR ROOTS, ANTIQUES ROADSHOW, AND MASTERPIECE.

>> ONE OF THE BEST WAYS TO SUPPORT IS BEING -- BY BECOMING A SUSTAINER.

WHATEVER FITS INTO YOUR BUDGET INSURANCE PBS NORTH CONTINUES TO BE HERE FOR YOU NOW AND FOR YEARS TO COME.

>> BEING A SUSTAINER HELPS PBS NORTH PLAN FOR THE FUTURE WHILE ALSO KEEPING ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS DOWN AND SINCE THE LOSS OF FEDERAL FUNDING ALMOST ONE YEAR AGO, YOUR SUPPORT IS NOT ONLY IMPORTANT, IT IS ESSENTIAL.

>> SETTING UP YOUR GIFT TAKES JUST A FEW MOMENTS AND YOUR SUPPORT WILL MAKE A LASTING DIFFERENCE.

>> CALL OUR NUMBER OR VISIT US ONLINE AT UBSNORTH.ORG TO MAKE -- PBSNORTH.ORG TODAY.

>> SUSTAINING MEMBERSHIP IS AN AFFORDABLE WAY TO SUPPORT THE PROGRAMS YOU LOVE.

SUSTAINING MEMBERS MAKE AN ONGOING MONTHLY CONTRIBUTION FROM THEIR CREDIT CARD OR CHECKING ACCOUNT.

CHOOSE THE MONTHLY AMOUNT YOU WOULD LIKE TO GIVE AND THEN GO ONLINE AND WE WILL GET IT SET UP FOR YOU.

IF YOU WANT TO CHANGE YOUR SUSTAINING MEMBERSHIP, JUST CONTACT US.

MONTHLY CONTRIBUTIONS START AS LOW AS FIVE DOLLARS PER MONTH.

GO ONLINE.

START YOUR SUSTAINING MEMBERSHIP RIGHT NOW.

>> WE ARE ABOUT TO GET BACK TO THE SHOW BUT BEFORE WE DO, PLEASE TAKE A MOMENT TO JOIN YOUR FRIENDS AND NEIGHBORS IN SUPPORT OF PBS NORTH.

OUR VOLUNTEERS ARE STANDING BY AND READY TO TAKE YOUR CALL.

>> WE WOULD LIKE TO GIVE A SPECIAL THANK YOU TO ROCKY DELI FOR PROVIDING DINNER FOR OUR VOLUNTEERS AND TO DULUTH GARDEN FLOWER SOCIETY FOR ANSWERING YOUR CALLS.

WE ARE ASKING YOU TO HELP US REACH OUR GOAL OF $1200 DURING THIS GREAT GARDENING SUMMER SPECIAL.

>> EVERY GIFT, WHETHER IT IS FIVE DOLLARS A MONTH OR A ONE-TIME GIFT OF $100, IT ALL ADDS UP TO THE SUPPORT OF THE LOCAL PROGRAMS YOU LOVE.

GO ONLINE TO PBSNORTH.ORG OR CALL OUR NUMBER.

AND WHILE YOU MAKE THAT CALL, LET’S TAKE ONE MORE LOOK AT THOSE THANK YOU GIFTS WAITING FOR YOU.

>> WEN YU SUPPORT PBS NORTH, YOU HELP KEEP GREAT GARDENING GROWING STRONG, BRINGING TRUSTED GARDENING ADVICE, INSPIRATION, AND LOCAL STORYTELLING TO COMMUNITIES ACROSS THE NORTHLAND.

WHEN YOU MAKE A SUSTAINING GIFT OF SIX DOLLARS A MONTH OR AN ANNUAL CONTRIBUTION OF $72, WE WILL THANK YOU WITH A SCISSOR SET, USEFUL TOOL FOR HARVESTING FRESH HERBS RIGHT FROM YOUR GARDEN TO YOUR KITCHEN WITH A SUSTAINING GIFT OF $10 A MONTH OR A ONE-TIME GIFT OF $120.

WE WILL THANK YOU WITH A BOOK.

NORTHERN GARDNER, FROM APPLES TO ZINNIAS.

FILLED WITH GARDENING TRADITIONS AND STORIES ROOTED IN OUR REGION.

THIS BOOK CELEBRATES THE JOYS AND CHALLENGES OF GARDENING IN THE NORTH AND WITH A SUSTAINING GIFT OF $15 A MONTH OR ANNUAL CONTRIBUTION OF 180 DOLLARS, WE WILL THANK YOU WITH A ONE-YEAR SUBSCRIPTION TO NORTHERN GARDNER MAGAZINE FEATURING SEASONAL GARDENING TIPS, PRACTICAL HOW-TO ADVICE, INSPIRING IDEAS, AND BEAUTIFUL PHOTOGRAPHY THROUGHOUT THE YEAR.

MAKE YOUR CONTRIBUTION TODAY BY CALLING THE NUMBER.

OR BY VISITING PBSNORTH.ORG.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR SUPPORT.

>> TIME FOR MORE GREAT GARDENING -- GREAT GARDENING.

YOU BROUGHT SOME BASKETS WITH YOU TODAY?

>> SINCE THIS IS A JUNE SHOW, I WAS GOING TO TALK ABOUT JULY 5.

AND PUT YOU IN SO THIS IS A GIANT PETUNIA BASKET, RIGHT?

THEY ARE BEAUTIFUL RIGHT NOW BUT BY JULY 5, THEY WILL GET EXTREMELY LONG.

THE NOTES BETWEEN THE FLOWER AND THE STEM, THESE WILL GET ELONGATED OUT TO THREE OR FOUR INCHES.

WHEN YOU SEE THAT, YOU KNOW IT IS TIME TO DO SOMETHING AND SOME PEOPLE ARE REALLY GOOD ABOUT GIVING IT A LITTLE PINCH ALL THE TIME BUT MY OPINION IS ON THE FIFTH OF JULY, YOU NEED TO GIVE IT A HAIRCUT.

THIS IS REALLY LONG PAST THE POT AND WHAT I DO ON THE FIFTH OF JULY IS KIND OF HARD TO DO.

DO YOU MIND?

>> SORRY.

WHAT WE DO IS ON THE FIFTH OF JULY, YOU TAKE YOUR BASKETS, ALL OF THEM, AND YOU ARE GOING TO DO THIS.

YOU ARE GOING TO CUT IT AND CUT IT AND DO NOT BE AFRAID.

JUST MAKE SURE YOU DO A GOOD JOB OF CUTTING IT OFF AND WHAT IT DOES FOR YOU IS IT IS GOING TO CUT YOUR MAINTENANCE DOWN IN HALF.

YOU WILL NOT HAVE TO WATER AS MUCH.

SO PETUNIA HAS, SPECIFICALLY, IT IS RIGHT BACK UP TO THE BOTTOM OF THE POT AND I WOULD GO A LITTLE FARTHER UP.

WE ARE GOING TO CUT OUR WAY BACK.

THE TOP OF A PETUNIA CAN ALSO GET KIND OF LIKE A BALD HEAD IN THE MIDDLE.

ONCE YOU CUT THIS EXTRA MATERIAL OFF, THE NUTRITION AND THE ENERGY CAN GO BACK INTO THE MAIN PART.

AND SO THEN YOU WOULD TAKE THIS, TO THE HAIRCUT, GIVE IT A GOOD DOSE.

WE LIKE TIME.

RELEASE FERTILIZER.

THEY PUT A HANDFUL ON IT.

ON THE FIFTH OF JULY.

THE FIFTH OF JULY IS REALLY IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT IS STARTING TO GET SHORTER AND SHORTER.

NOT REALLY SHORTER AND SHORTER BUT THE PLANTS KNOW IT.

IF YOU DO IT ON JULY 5, THEY WILL SEND THEIR ENERGY BACK INTO THE PLANT, TIGHTEN UP A LOT, AND USE LESS WATER AND THE FERTILIZER WILL HELP IT BOUNCE BACK AND IT CAN GO INTO -- EASILY INTO SEPTEMBER AND ALMOST INTO OCTOBER.

THIS IS PARTICULARLY GOOD FOR PETUNIA.

I KNOW A LOT OF PEOPLE DON’T WANT TO DO IT BUT YOU WILL BE SO HAPPY AND THE THING IS ALSO IF YOU WAIT, EVEN A WEEK, AND IT DOESN’T WORK QUITE AS WELL.

HAVE A FOURTH OF JULY PARTY AND THEN ON JULY 5, CUT EVERYTHING, ALL OF YOUR PETUNIAS BACK.

THEY WILL TIGHTEN UP AND THEY WILL BE BEAUTIFUL FOR AT LEAST ANOTHER THREE MONTHS.

JUST SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT.

>> THAT IS AWESOME.

>> IT IS INTERESTING.

BUT JULY 4 IS KIND OF A CUT OFF FOR A LOT OF THINGS.

WE TALKED ABOUT RHUBARB.

WE ARE GOING TO STOP HARVESTING RHUBARB ON THE FOURTH OF JULY BECAUSE WE WANT THAT ENERGY AGAIN TO GET DOWN.

WE WANT TO START HARVESTING ASPARAGUS AND THINK ABOUT IF WE HAVE A FULL CROP OF YOUR CABBAGE FAMILY BECAUSE AGAIN, THE DAY LENGTHS GET SHORTER AND LONGER TO GROW THINGS OUT BECAUSE YOUR FALL CROP SHOULD BE PLANTED FROM TRANSPLANTS ON THE FOURTH OF JULY AND THE PETUNIAS.

THAT HOLIDAY, THERE IS A LOT OF ACTIVITY ABOUT IT.

EVERY ONE OF OUR MAJOR HOLIDAYS HAVE GOT OPPORTUNITIES.

>> A GOOD WAY TO REMEMBER.

NATIONAL PETUNIA HAIRCUT DAY.

GOOD ADVICE.

LET’S GET TO MORE OF YOUR QUESTIONS.

WE HAVE A RHUBARB QUESTION.

HOW CAN YOU TELL IF RHUBARB IS RIGHT AND WHAT IS THE PROCEDURE TO HARVEST?

CUT OR PULL FROM THE ROOT?

THAT IS JULIE.

>> OK, JULIE.

GOOD QUESTIONS.

ANY TIME THAT THAT STALK HAS SIZED UP, YOU CAN HARVEST.

THE ROOTS CONTAIN ASSET -- RATHER, THE LEAVES.

YOU NEVER WANT TO CONSUME THE LEAST.

THE STALKS NEVER DO UNLESS WE GET A SEVERE FROST AND THEN WE CUT THEM DOWN TO THE GROUND.

I DON’T WANT YOU TO FRET OVER THIS BECAUSE YOU CAN CUT OR POLE.

MY ADVICE WOULD BE TO PULL.

WHEN YOU CUT, YOU ARE LIVING A STUMP AND ANY TIME YOU LEAVE A STUMP, THERE IS AN AVENUE WHERE DISEASE AGENTS, PATHOGENS CAN POTENTIALLY ENTER.

I WOULD RATHER SEE PEOPLE CALLING THOSE STOCKS ARE UP CUTTING THEM -- CUTTING THOSE STOCKS UP THEN PULLING THEM.

>> ROBERTA HAS A SMALL AREA THAT SHE WANTS TO PLANT TOMATOES BUT THERE ARE A LOT OF ANTS.

SHOULD SHE KILL THEM FIRST?

>> I WOULD CONSIDER CONTAINER GROWN TOMATO.

THERE IS A LOT OF CONTAINER MATERIAL RIGHT NOW, ESPECIALLY A CHERRY TOMATO.

PEOPLE MIGHT DISREGARD CHERRY TOMATOES, BUT YOU CAN USE THEM FOR ALMOST EVERYTHING THAT YOU USE A REGULAR TOMATO, AND YOU GET SO MANY MORE AND THEY RIPEN SO QUICKLY.

WE HAVE SOME IN THE GREENHOUSE RIGHT NOW AND THEY ARE GOING TO ALMOST BE RIGHT IN 10 DAYS, ALREADY TURNING COLOR.

THAT’S THE GREAT THING ABOUT SMALLER THE FRUIT, THE QUICKER IT CAN RIPEN.

AND THEY ARE ONES BUILT TO BE IN CONTAINERS.

YOU CAN’T DO THE BIG ONES AS EASILY IN A CONTAINER.

>> I THINK THAT IF IT’S A SWEET AUNT, SHE PROBABLY WANTS TO WORK ON ELIMINATING THOSE.

EVEN UNDER THE CONTAINER, WHICH IS A GREAT IDEA, THEY ARE GOING TO BE UNDER THAT SURFACE AND WILL BE AN AGITANT ALL SEASON.

THERE ARE A NUMBER OF PRODUCTS THAT CAN BE USED.

>> KEITH HAS A KOREAN LILAC BUSH AND HE WANTS TO GROW IT WELL.

ANY ADVICE?

>>.

, GOOD DRAINAGE.

KOREAN LILAC IS HEARTY AND SHOULD DO VERY WELL.

>> IT’S A GOOD ORGANIC MATERIAL.

>> LOTS OF DISCUSSION ABOUT LILACS BECAUSE WE HAD A LOT OF MAJOR LILAC DISEASE LAST YEAR.

THE PLANS HAVE COME BACK NICELY, SO WE ADVISE PEOPLE NOT TO BE CONCERNED ABOUT TREATMENT AND I THINK WE ARE GOING TO STAY WITH THAT ADVICE.

LOOKS LIKE THEY ARE COMING BACK NICELY.

>> BOB IN DULUTH WANTS TO KNOW HOW HE CAN GET RID OF HORSERADISH IN HIS YARD.

>> IN HIS YARD.

>> WOULD YOU DO SOLAR IS ASIAN, JUST COVER -- SOLARIZATION, JUST COVER IT?

>> IT’S TOUGH AND THAT’S THE REASON WHY I DON’T GROW IT ANYMORE.

>> PUT IT IN A CONTAINER, PUT THAT CONTAINER IN THE GROUND.

>> YOU CAN ALWAYS GET RID OF MATERIALS LIKE WEEDS WITH A NONSELECTIVE LIKE GLYCOSIDE, OR COVER FOR THE SEASON, BUT IT’S A CHALLENGE.

>> LORI IN STURGEON LAKE CUT DOWN A BIRCH LAST YEAR AND NOW IT’S REGROWING.

WHAT CAN SHE PUT ON IT TO KILL IT?

>> I HAVE SEEN WHERE PEOPLE ARE CUTTING INTO THE STUMP, PUTTING DIESEL FUEL OR KEROSENE INTO IT.

THEY WANT TO GET RID OF IT.

THEY LET IT SET AND THEN LIGHT IT ON FIRE TO BURN OUT THE STUMP.

>> FROM THE INSIDE OUT.

>> YOU PROBABLY DON’T WANT TO DO THAT WITHIN THE CITY LIMITS OF DULUTH.

>> WELL, KEROSENE AND DIESEL ARE SLOW BURNING, JUST LIKE THOSE LITTLE STERNO CANS.

>> MIGHT BE FINE.

THE OTHER THING YOU CAN DO, TAKE AN AUGER AND YOU CAN ALWAYS USE A HIGH NITROGEN FERTILIZER TO TRY TO BREAK THAT DOWN.

FILL THE HOLES WITH UREA, 46% NITROGEN, AND THEN ADD WATER AND LET IT DETERIORATE.

THEY REGROWTH, SHE JUST HAS TO KEEP CUTTING SO IT CAN’T GET ANY PHOTOSYNTHESIS, CAN’T GET ANY SUGARS BACK INTO IT.

>> AND EVENTUALLY IT WILL DIE OFF, MIGHT TAKE A WHILE.

>> LAST QUESTION, SHARON IN DULUTH WANTS TO KNOW HOW TO CONTROL CUT WORM ARE VERY ON AZALEA.

>> I DON’T THINK SHE HAS CUT WORM LARVAE.

WE HAVE 47 VARIETIES IN MINNESOTA, BUT THEY ARE MORE TYPICALLY ON TOMATOES WHERE THE CLINGING AND CLIMBING CAN BE DIFFICULT.

SHE HAS ANOTHER LIBRARY SHE IS CONCERNED WITH.

WE HAVE GOT A BIOLOGICAL, DPEL IS ONE OF THE BRANDS, AND THAT’S WHAT I WOULD BE USING FOR CONTROL.

IT NEEDS TO BE REAPPLIED, BUT THAT SHOULD CONTROL THAT, A NONSELECTIVE CONTROL FOR LARVAE.

>> LAST SEASON VOLUNTEERS AT PBS NORTH ORGANIZED AND PLANTED A GARDEN RIGHT IN FRONT OF OUR STATION.

NOW THEY ARE READY TO UP THEIR GAME.

WITH THIS YEAR’S GARDEN, WE TAPED ALONG THEIR RECENT SHOPPING SPREE.

♪ >> OVER HERE.

♪ >> [INAUDIBLE] >> WHAT A FUN WAY TO KICK OFF THE GARDENING SEASON.

WE HOPE YOU’VE BEEN ENJOYING THIS EPISODE, PERHAPS LEARNING A FEW THINGS ALONG THE WAY.

I AM TARA BILLMAN, ANNUAL GIVING MANAGER, JOINED BY NATALIE HEST, OUR DIRECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT.

>> MAY BE GARDENING HAS INSPIRED YOU TO TRY SOMETHING NEW IN YOUR OWN GARDEN, OR PERHAPS BOB AND DEB HAVE HELPED YOU SOLVE A TRICKY GARDENING CHALLENGE.

MAYBE YOU JUST LOVE THE GORGEOUS PHOTOS SENT IN BY FELLOW GARDENERS.

>> WHATEVER IS YOUR REASON FOR WATCHING GREAT GARDENING, THAT IS YOUR REASON TO GIVE.

THIS SHOW AND ALL THE HELPFUL RESOURCES IT PROVIDES DEPEND ON THE GENEROUS SUPPORT OF VIEWERS LIKE YOU.

>> WHEN YOU DONATE $15 A MONTH OR A ONE-TIME GIFT OF $18, WE WILL THANK YOU WITH A YEAR-LONG SUBSCRIPTION TO NORTHERN GARDENER, AN AWARD-WINNING MAGAZINE FULL OF INSPIRATION AND ADVICE DESIGNED FOR NORTHERN CLIMATES.

>> NORTHERN GARDENER IS FULL OF PRACTICAL TIPS THAT WORK FOR OUR UNIQUE GROWING CONDITIONS.

A SEASONED GARDENER OR JUST GETTING STARTED, IT’S GOING TO SHARE GUIDANCE, CREATIVE IDEAS, AND STORIES THAT CELEBRATE GARDENING IN THE NORTH.

>> MAKE YOUR GIFT BY CALLING 218-788-2844 OR BY GIVING ONLINE AT PBSNORTH.ORG.

LET’S LOOK AT SOME OF THE OTHER THANK YOU GIFTS AVAILABLE.

>> WEN YU SUPPORT PBS NORTH, YOU HELP KEEP GREAT GARDENING GROWING STRONG, BRINGING TRUSTED GARDENING ADVICE, INSPIRATION, AND LOCAL STORYTELLING TO COMMUNITIES ACROSS THE NORTH LAND.

WHEN YOU MAKE A SUSTAINING GIFT OF SIX DOLLARS A MONTH OR AN ANNUAL CONTRIBUTION OF $72, WE WILL THANK YOU WITH AN HERB SCISSOR SET, A USEFUL TOOL FOR HARVESTING FRESH HERBS RIGHT FROM YOUR GARDEN TO YOUR KITCHEN.

WITH A SUSTAINING GIFT OF $10 A MONTH OR A ONE-TIME GIFT OF $120, WE WILL THANK YOU WITH THE BOOK NORTHERN GARDENER FROM APPLES TO ZINNIAS.

FILLED WITH GARDENING TRADITIONS AND STORIES ROOTED IN OUR REGION , THIS BOOK CELEBRATES THE JOYS AND CHALLENGES OF GARDENING IN THE NORTH.

WITH A SUSTAINING GIFT OF $15 A MONTH OR ANNUAL CONTRIBUTION OF $180, WE WILL THANK YOU WITH A ONE-YEAR SUBSCRIPTION TO NORTHERN GARDENER MAGAZINE, FEATURING SEASONAL GARDENING TIPS, PRACTICAL ADVICE, INSPIRING IDEAS, AND BEAUTIFUL PHOTOGRAPHY.

MAKE YOUR CONTRIBUTION BY CALLING 218-788-2844 OR BY VISITING PBSNORTH.ORG.

>> WITH YOUR SUPPORT, PBS NORTH CAN CONTINUE BRINGING PROGRAMS LIKE GREAT GARDENING FEATURING OUR LOCAL EXPERTS, BOB AND DEB.

THEY KNOW WHAT IT TAKES TO GARDEN HERE IN THE NORTH LAND AND THAT LOCAL KNOWLEDGE MAKES ALL THE DIFFERENCE.

>> WHEN YOU GIVE, YOU ARE DOING MORE THAN KEEPING GREAT GARDENING ON THE AIR.

YOU ARE HELPING ENSURE THAT CHILDREN ACROSS OUR REGION HAVE ACCESS TO PROGRAMS THAT INSPIRE CURIOSITY AND A LOVE OF LEARNING.

>> YOU ARE ALSO CREATING OPPORTUNITIES FOR OUR STUDENT INTERNS AND HELPING INVEST IN THE TECHNOLOGY WE NEED TO KEEP SHARING THESE STORIES.

BECOMING A MONTHLY SUSTAINER IS ONE OF THE EASIEST WAYS TO MAKE IT POSSIBLE AND IT ONLY TAKES A MOMENT.

WHEN YOU MAKE YOUR GIFT, YOUR SUPPORT HELPS US MOVE CLOSER TO THAT GOAL OF $1200 DURING THIS BROADCAST.

>> SUSTAINING GIFTS ALSO HELP PBS NORTH PLAN AHEAD AND KEEP ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS DOWN.

SINCE THE LOSS OF FEDERAL FUNDING ALMOST A YEAR AGO, YOUR SUPPORT IS MORE CRITICAL THAN EVER.

CALL 218-788-2844 PBSNORTH.ORG OR VISIT TO SET UP YOUR SUSTAINING GIFT NOW.

>> SUSTAINING MEMBERSHIP IS AN EASY AND AFFORDABLE WAY TO SUPPORT THE PROGRAMS YOU LOVE.

SUSTAINING MEMBERS MAKE AN ONGOING MONTHLY CONTRIBUTION FROM THEIR CREDIT CARD OR CHECKING ACCOUNT.

CHOOSE THE AMOUNT YOU WOULD LIKE TO GIVE, THEN GO ONLINE AND WE WILL GET IT SET UP.

IF YOU WANT TO CHANGE YOUR SUSTAINING MEMBERSHIP, JUST CONTACT US.

MONTHLY CONTRIBUTIONS START AS LOW AS FIVE DOLLARS PER MONTH.

GO ONLINE, START YOUR SUSTAINING MEMBERSHIP RIGHT NOW.

>> PBS NORTH IS YOUR FAMILIES CONNECTION TO INFORMATION, EDUCATION, AND ENTERTAINMENT.

FROM NATIVE REPORT AND DOCTORS ON CALL TO THE MOST TRUSTED CHILDREN’S PROGRAMS AROUND, WE PUT YOU AT THE CENTER OF EVERYTHING WE DO.

>> WE ARE ALL ABOUT MAKING THIS PROGRAMMING ACCESSIBLE TO EVERYONE.

YOU CAN WATCH ON YOUR COMPUTER OR LAPTOP AT PBSNORTH.ORG, OR LIVESTREAM ALL OF OUR CHANNELS ANY TIME ON THE FREE PBS APP WITH YOUR SMART TV.

>> WEN YU GIVE FIVE DOLLARS A MONTH OR MORE, YOU UNLOCK THE PBS NORTH PASSPORT, A STREAMING LIBRARY FULL OF INCREDIBLE SHOWS , GIVING YOU THE OPPORTUNITY TO WATCH ON YOUR SCHEDULE.

>> YOU WILL BE ABLE TO CATCH UP ON SHOWS YOU MISSED, BINGE WATCH THE LATEST DRAMAS, AND REVISIT YOUR ALL-TIME FAVORITE.

YOU CAN WATCH WHENEVER AND WHEREVER YOU WANT.

>> WHEN YOU THINK OF PBS, WHAT WORD COMES TO MIND?

>> DISCOVERY.

>> INSPIRED.

>> CREATIVITY.

>> CHEESE AND MORE CHEESE.

>> NO MATTER WHAT WORD, WHEN YOU GIVE NOW, YOU CAN TAKE ADVANTAGE OF OUR MOST POPULAR MEMBER BENEFIT, PBS PASSPORT.

YOU WILL HAVE ACCESS TO AN EVER-GROWING LIBRARY OF YOUR PBS FAVORITES, AVAILABLE ON YOUR COMPUTER, PHONE, TABLET, OR SMART TV.

SO WHETHER PBS MAKES YOU THINK AMAZING OR WHAT MY PBS PASSPORT IS WAITING FOR YOU.

>> A SPECIAL THANK YOU TO ROCKET DELI FOR PROVIDING DINNER FOR OUR STAFF, CREW, AND VOLUNTEERS, AND TO THE DULUTH GARDEN FLOWER SOCIETY FOR ANSWERING YOUR CALLS.

WE WOULD ALSO LIKE TO THANK BROOKS AND MARSHA FOR THEIR SUPPORT.

>> IT’S NOT TOO LATE TO MAKE YOUR PLEDGE.

OUR VOLUNTEERS ARE STANDING BY AT 218-788-2844, OR YOU CAN GIVE ONLINE AT PBSNORTH.ORG.

>> WE HAVE HEARD FROM FOLKS ACROSS THE NORTH LAND, BUT WE NEED TO HEAR FROM YOU, FROM VIEWERS MAY BE IN SUPERIOR OR DULUTH.

WHEREVER YOU ARE, WE NEED YOUR HELP TO HIT OUR GOAL THIS EVENING.

YOUR GIFT THAT YOU GIVE TO US, AND MAYBE EVEN THE THANK YOU GIFT THAT YOU SELECT, WILL HELP US GET CLOSER TO THAT GOAL.

>> THAT’S RIGHT.

WE WANT TO THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR BEING PART OF THE GREAT GARDENING COMMUNITY AND FOR CELEBRATING -- FOR SUPPORTING YOUR PUBLIC TELEVISION STATION, PBS NORTH.

♪ >> ♪ WE ARE IN THIS TOGETHER WE’RE IN THIS TOGETHER YOU KNOW WE’RE IN THIS TOGETHER WE’RE IN THIS TOGETHER ♪ >> BEFORE THE PLEDGE BREAK, WE SHOWED YOU WHAT OUR PBS NORTH CREW GATHERED FOR OUR STATION GARDEN.

NOW HERE IS THERE PLANTING SESSION.

BOB, YOU WANT TO EXPLAIN THE NEW FOOD PYRAMID, RIGHT?

>> CERTAINLY.

HERE WE GO.

THIS IS THE OLD PYRAMID ON THE LEFT AND THE NEW ONE ON THE RIGHT.

IT’S RATHER UNIQUE THAT WE HAVE SLIPPED THEM UPSIDE DOWN.

AS I MENTIONED EARLIER, CARBS WERE ALWAYS AT THE BASE FOR YEARS.

NOW, AS YOU CAN SEE, THEY ARE AT THE TOP, THE PINNACLE, A VERY SMALL AMOUNT.

WHAT I LIKE, LOOK AT ALL THE FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.

THE SCIENCE REALLY SUPPORTS DIVERSITY.

IF YOU CAN EAT 30 DIFFERENT FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN A WEEK -- AND I STARTED COUNTING, IT’S A CHALLENGE BUT CAN BE DONE.

THE NUMBER OF VEGETABLES YOU CONSUME IS GOING TO DETERMINE THE DIVERSITY OF THE GOT MICRO BIOME -- THE GUT MICRO BIOME THAT’S PRODUCING MANY CHEMICALS THAT ARE IMPORTANT FOR A GOOD QUALITY, HEALTHY LIFE.

THERE IS A LOT OF PROTEIN, HEALTHY FATS, SO THIS HAS CHANGED.

I FEEL MORE COMFORTABLE WITH THIS PYRAMID BECAUSE IT MATCHES A LOT OF THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH THAT’S BEEN OUT THERE OVER THE LAST SEVERAL YEARS.

>> I LOVE THERE IS A LOT OF COLOR, SO IT’S EASY.

>> LOTS OF COLOR, THAT’S ONE OF THE FUN THINGS.

HERE YOU HAVE GOT AN EXAMPLE OF COLOR.

THESE ARE JUST ROASTED BEETS, BUT IF YOU ARE GOING TO GROW BEATS, WHY NOT GROW GOLDEN BEETS ALONG WITH THE CONVENTIONAL RED BEETS?

YOU GET THE DIFFERENT GROUP OF ANTIOXIDANTS AND COLOR DIVERSITY THAT’S SO IMPORTANT, AND THEY ARE DELICIOUS WHEN YOU ROAST ROOT VEGETABLES.

>> DELICIOUS AND EASY.

>> NOT REALLY A ROOT VEGETABLE, AN UNDERGROUND STEM VEGETABLE, POTATOES.

THEY HAVE BEEN A MAINSTAY IN NORTHERN CLIMATES, INCLUDING MINNESOTA, FOR A LONG TIME.

YOU WANT TO LOOK FOR THESE CERTIFIED SEED POTATOES.

WE HAVE A CERTIFICATION PROCESS, STATE OF MINNESOTA, SO IF YOU CAN GET FIRST GRADE CERTIFIED SEED, THOSE ARE CERTIFIED TO BE DISEASE-FREE.

WE HAVE GOT SO MUCH DIVERSITY IN POTATOES.

I LIKE TO SEE A DIFFERENT COLOR BECAUSE THE COLORS DICTATE THE FIDO OXIDANTS --PHYTOOXIDANTS, THE ANTIOXIDANTS THAT ARE IN THE FLESH.

HERE IS A VARIETY THAT HAS A YELLOW FLESH ALONG WITH A PURPLE GOLDEN FLESH, OR A PURPLE SKIN, SO YOU GET THAT DIVERSITY.

HERE IS A FAVORITE OF MINE, FRENCH FINGERLING.

LOOK AT THAT DIVERSITY OF COLOR, THEIR UNIQUE.

IT’S A FINGERLING, BUT KIND OF A GIANT FINGER.

THEY GROW A LITTLE LARGER THAN A LOT OF FINGERLINGS.

A FEW OTHER EXAMPLES THAT ARE FUN.

I HAVE GOT A FEW EXAMPLES OF SOME POTATOES.

THESE ARE RUSSETT’S, AND THE RUSSET POTATOES ARE WHAT WE MAKE A LOT OF FRENCH FRIES OUT OF, AS WELL AS BAKED POTATOES.

WHERE DID IT COME FROM?

IT CAME FROM THE ORIGINAL PIONEER CLOTHING, WHICH WAS REALLY RUSTED.

IF YOU KNOW HOW COURSE THAT TEXTURE IS ON THAT, BETWEEN WOOL BLANKETS AND BLOUSES, PRETTY SCRATCHY.

PEOPLE HAD TO ENDURE QUITE A BIT.

THIS IS A RUSSETT.

THAT’S GOING TO HAVE WHITE FLESH.

THIS IS ONE OF OUR FAVORITE VARIETIES.

THIS IS A DARK RED, BEAUTIFUL WHITE FLESH BUT THE REDSKIN SKIN THAT GOES WITH IT.

THIS IS ALWAYS KIND OF FUN.

FRENCH FINGERLING, REAL NICE VARIETIES ON THE INSIDE, THE COLORS ON THE INSIDE.

>> IT’S LIKE TIE-DYE.

>> LET’S SEE WHAT ELSE I HAVE.

THERE IS ANOTHER VARIETY THAT HAS YELLOW FLESH AND RED SKIN.

WE HAVE A LOT OF PURPLE AND BLUE VARIETIES.

YOU CAN SEE THE DEEP RICH PURPLES.

THIS IS THE SAME ANTIOXIDANT THAT’S IN BLUEBERRIES AND YOU CAN GET IT IN YOUR POTATOES, SO EXTREMELY NUTRITIOUS.

POTATOES GOT A BAD REPUTATION.

THERE IS CARBOHYDRATE, BUT SO MUCH NUTRITION AS WELL.

POTATOES, CABBAGE, AND MILK SUSTAINED A LOT OF OUR NORTHERN POPULATION IN A HEALTHY MANNER.

SO WE ARE GETTING BACK TO EATING REAL FOOD, A DIVERSITY OF COLORS, A DIVERSITY OF PLANT MATERIAL, AS WELL AS HIGH QUALITY MEATS AND PROTEINS.

I LIKE THE DIRECTION, EAT MORE OF EVERYTHING, STAY WITH THE NATURAL FOODS, MINIMIZE SOME PROCESSED FOODS.

>> LET’S GET BACK TO WHAT OUR PBS NORTH CREW GATHERED FOR OUR STATION’S GARDEN AND THERE PLANTING SESSION.

♪ >> ALL RIGHT, LET’S GET TO MORE OF THOSE QUESTIONS.

JULIANA HAS SOME MATURE TREES IN HER TOWN WITH EXPOSED ROOTS.

IT’S VERY HARD FOR HER HUSBAND TO MOW AROUND THEM.

SHOULD SHE COVER THE ROOTS WITH SOIL WITHOUT HARMING THE TREES?

>> DEFINITELY.

WE ARE CONCERNED ABOUT ANY SOIL THAT COMES UP TO THE EAST OR MAIN TRUNK OF THE TREE.

BUT SHE WANTS A MINERAL SOIL RATHER THAN A POTTING SOIL, BECAUSE YOU DO WANT TO COVER THEM, DON’T WANT TO NICK THOSE WITH A ROTARY BLADE THAT CAN DO DAMAGE TO THE TREE.

>> THIS PERSON FROM DULUTH HAS SOME GARDEN BOXES AND DECIDED TO PLANT TOMATOES AND STRAWBERRIES, ONE FOR EACH.

SHOULD THEY PLANT MORE PER BOX OR WILL THAT DIMINISH THE SUBSTANCE FOR THE PLANTS?

>> THE TOMATO DEPENDS ON THE VARIETY.

IF IT’S INDETERMINATE, DETERMINANT, MEANING DOES IT HAVE A SET HEIGHT, AND HOW BIG ARE THESE BOXES.

BUT ONE TOMATO PER BOX I BELIEVE WOULD BE PLENTY.

>> I THINK SO TOO, AND THEY CAN ALWAYS FEED.

YOU CAN USE A WATER-SOLUBLE FERTILIZER, THAT’S WHERE YOU TAKE A TABLESPOON TYPICALLY IN A GALLON OF WATER.

LOOK FOR VARIETIES THAT HAVE TRACE NUTRIENTS BECAUSE A LOT OF THESE MIXES RP-BASED AND DON’T HAVE A LOT OF TRACE NUTRIENTS.

N, P AND K ARE BIG THREE NUTRIENTS, BUT LOOK AT THE INGREDIENTS ON THE BOX.

LOOK FOR COPPER, SELENIUM, DESIRABLE BUT MINIMALLY NECESSARY TRACE ELEMENTS.

>> GAIL FROM DULUTH HAS A QUESTION FOR DEB.

WHERE CAN I GET THE SAUCER PLANTERS THAT WERE SHOWN A FEW WEEKS AGO AND HOW ARE THEY USED?

>> WE DO THEM AT THE GREENHOUSE, BURNS GREENHOUSE.

WHAT WE DO IS FLIP THEM INTO A CONTAINER, SO IT’S AN INSTANT CONTAINER, ALREADY CURATED FOR THE SUN, SUN OR SHADE.

DIFFERENT PLANTS DON’T PLAY AS WELL TOGETHER, SO YOU HAVE TO HAVE THE RIGHT VIGOR ON THEM.

WE HAVE IT AS AN INSTANT CONTAINER, ALREADY DONE.

IT IS SMALL ENOUGH YOU DON’T HAVE TO BRING HOME A BUNCH OF PLANTS, REPLANT THEM, AND YOU DON’T HAVE TO DO YOUR CONTAINER RIGHT AWAY.

>> NICK IN SUPERIOR WANTS TO KNOW IF THERE’S ANY SUREFIRE PERENNIALS FOR CLAY.

>> SUREFIRE.

WELL, TAPROOT, RIGHT?

>> THE THING ABOUT CLAYS IS THEY ARE A LITTLE DIFFICULT TO WORK WITH, PARTICULARLY WITH ANNUALS.

PERENNIALS, IT TAKES A LONGER PERIOD OF TIME TO GET ESTABLISHED.

YOU HAVE TO BE PATIENT WITH THEM.

IF YOU CAN INCORPORATE SOME POTTING SOIL, PETE BASED, YOU CAN MIX THAT IN.

WE DON’T WANT TO JUST PLANT SPECIFICALLY IN A SAUCER.

BE PATIENT, FULL SUN, AND MANY PERENNIALS WILL DO QUITE NICELY.

THEY WON’T DO WELL IN THE DIP BECAUSE WE DON’T WANT A LOW AREA, BUT WELL-DRAINED OR HIGHER CLAY, YOU JUST HAVE TO BE PATIENT.

>> TWO QUESTIONS ON SOIL TESTING.

ANNE FROM DULUTH HEIGHTS ONCE TO KNOW WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO TEST SOIL FOR PLANTING, OVER-THE-COUNTER TEST OR BETTER TO GET FROM U OF M?

KRISTIN FROM DULUTH SAYS ON THE U OF M TEST, WHEN SHOULD YOU GET MORE THAN THE REGULAR TEST?

SULFUR, BORON, LED?

>> THEY ARE GOING TO TELL YOU.

YOU SHOULD ALWAYS USE THE UNIVERSITY, THEIR TEST.

IT’S RELIABLE, THEY GIVE YOU ALL THE STATISTICS, ALL THE INFORMATION, AND YOU WOULD GO MORE IN-DEPTH IF THEY THOUGHT IT WAS NECESSARY.

>> YEAH, I THINK THAT BASIC TEST IF YOU ARE USING A MINERAL SOIL.

IF YOU ARE ON A PEAT SOIL, YOU CAN BE DEFICIENT IN SO MANY NUTRIENTS, BECAUSE WE HAVE 17.

BUT MOST OF THEM ARE AVAILABLE IN MINERAL SOIL.

IF YOU HAVE MINERAL SOIL, THE BASIC TESTS ARE FINE.

YOU WILL NOT GET A NITRATE TEST.

NITROGEN IS ESSENTIAL BUT ALSO VERY EPHEMERAL.

EBOLA TIES AS -- IT VOLATIZES BECAUSE -- SO THE TEST RESULTS WOULD BE DIFFERENT THAN WHAT YOU ACTUALLY HAVE.

SO WE ALWAYS ADD SOME NITROGEN.

I AM DEAD SET AGAINST HOME TEST BECAUSE I HAVE NOT SEEN RELIABILITY, SO MAKE THE INVESTMENT.

UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN, OR A CERTIFIED PRIVATE LAB.

THAT’S A VERY VALUABLE PIECE OF INFORMATION.

>> LEE, FOR THE PAST TWO YEARS SOME OF HIS GARLIC PLANTINGS CAME UP, BUT WHEN HE PULLS THEM, EACH STEM HAS A SINGLE ROUND BULB THAT DOESN’T TASTE LIKE GARLIC.

>> THESE ARE NOT ESCAPES.

>> HE SAYS WHICH IS BROOM.

>> I’M NOT REALLY SURE -- IF HE HAS NOT SEPARATED THEM -- >> YES, HE DIDN’T PULL THE CLOTHES OFF.

>> I THINK THAT MAY BE WHAT’S GOING ON.

>> YOU NEED TO BREAK APART THE BULB TO CLOVES.

>> YOU ARE GOING TO HARVEST YOUR GARLIC IN AUGUST, HANG IT, LET IT DRY, SEPARATE THE CLOVES IN ABOUT SIX BY SIX INCHES, MID-OCTOBER.

IF YOU DON’T, THEN YOU GET MULTIPLE STEMS, WHICH MAY BE WHAT’S GOING ON.

>> GOOD DETECTIVE WORK.

>> THANK YOU FOR JOINING US, AND A SPECIAL THANK YOU TO DEB AND BOB FOR SHARING THEIR EXPERTISE.

BE SURE TO JOIN US FOR OUR NEXT ONE HOUR SPECIAL ON THURSDAY, AUGUST 13.

WE WILL MISS YOU IN JULY.

UNTIL THEN, HAVE A WONDERFUL EVENING AND REST OF SUMMER.

♪